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Battle of Culloden - перевод на русский
![Jacobites]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/"The End of the 'Forty Five' Rebellion".jpg?width=200 "Jacobites]].")
![''After Culloden: Rebel Hunting'' by [[John Seymour Lucas]] depicts the rigorous search for Jacobites in the days that followed Culloden.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/After Culloden- Rebel Hunting.jpg?width=200 "''After Culloden: Rebel Hunting'' by [[John Seymour Lucas]] depicts the rigorous search for Jacobites in the days that followed Culloden.")
![Culloden]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Battle of Culloden (campaign map 01).png?width=200 "Culloden]]")
.svg?width=200 "Battle lines at Culloden, including initial redeployments by both Charles and Cumberland")
![Woodcut painting by [[David Morier]] of the Battle of Culloden first published just six months after the battle, in October 1746](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Battle of Culloden woodcut painting 1746.jpg?width=200 "Woodcut painting by [[David Morier]] of the Battle of Culloden first published just six months after the battle, in October 1746")
![[[Bayonet]] drill innovation said to have been developed to counter the "[[Highland charge]]". Each soldier would thrust at the enemy on his right – rather than the one straight ahead – in order to bypass the ''[[targe]]'' of Highlanders.<ref name="SR1996-Red-95658">Reid (1996) ''British Redcoat 1740–1793'', pp. 9, 56–58.</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bayonet drill (Culloden comparison).svg?width=200 "[[Bayonet]] drill innovation said to have been developed to counter the \"[[Highland charge]]\". Each soldier would thrust at the enemy on his right – rather than the one straight ahead – in order to bypass the ''[[targe]]'' of Highlanders.<ref name=\"SR1996-Red-95658\">Reid (1996) ''British Redcoat 1740–1793'', pp. 9, 56–58.</ref>")
![Great Tower Hill]], on 18 August 1746<ref>Harrington (1996), p. 88.</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beheading of the rebel lords on great tower hill.jpeg?width=200 "Great Tower Hill]], on 18 August 1746<ref>Harrington (1996), p. 88.</ref>")
![Memorial [[cairn]] erected in 1881<ref name="nts.org.uk-Cairn"/>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Culloden Battlefield Memorial Cairn.jpg?width=200 "Memorial [[cairn]] erected in 1881<ref name=\"nts.org.uk-Cairn\"/>")
![Culloden Memorial Cairn, [[Knoydart, Nova Scotia]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Culloden Cairn at Knoydart, Nova Scotia.jpg?width=200 "Culloden Memorial Cairn, [[Knoydart, Nova Scotia]]")
.jpg?width=200 "Culloden House, in 1746, where the Jacobite leader Charles Edward Stuart had his headquarters and lodgings in the days leading up to the Battle of Culloden")
.jpg?width=200 "In 1881, Duncan Forbes erected the headstones that mark the mass graves of fallen Jacobite soldiers. They lie on either side of an early 19th-century road which runs through the battlefield.<ref name=\"graves\"/>")
![1744}}. The Highland units of the Jacobite army would have worn something very similar to the private illustrated, particularly the [[belted plaid]].<ref>Harrington (1991), p. 53.; also Reid (1997), p. 45.</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Highland soldier 1744.jpg?width=200 "1744}}. The Highland units of the Jacobite army would have worn something very similar to the private illustrated, particularly the [[belted plaid]].<ref>Harrington (1991), p. 53.; also Reid (1997), p. 45.</ref>")
![standards or colours]] recorded as captured by government forces at the battle.<ref>Reid (2006), p. 16.</ref> That and a similar blue [[saltire]] may have been used by the Atholl Brigade.<ref>Reid (2002), p. 93.</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jacobite standard (no9).svg?width=200 "standards or colours]] recorded as captured by government forces at the battle.<ref>Reid (2006), p. 16.</ref> That and a similar blue [[saltire]] may have been used by the Atholl Brigade.<ref>Reid (2002), p. 93.</ref>")
![[[Stirling Castle]], which the Jacobites spent two months in early 1746 unsuccessfully besieging; it was the strongest fort in Scotland.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stirling Castle 2017.jpg?width=200 "[[Stirling Castle]], which the Jacobites spent two months in early 1746 unsuccessfully besieging; it was the strongest fort in Scotland.")
[(,bætləv)kə'lɔdn]
общая лексика
Каллоденская битва (1746; разгром якобинского восстания в Шотландии)
синоним
.svg?width=200 "20px")
.svg?width=200 "20px")
, f.152v - BL Cotton MS Nero E II.jpg?width=200 "Battle of Crécy, as envisaged 80 years after the battle}}")
![A modern replica of a [[bodkin point]] arrowhead used by [[English longbows]] to penetrate armour}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bodkin1.jpg?width=200 "A modern replica of a [[bodkin point]] arrowhead used by [[English longbows]] to penetrate armour}}")
.jpg?width=200 "The battlefield in 2018")
![[[Edward III]] counting the dead on the battlefield of Crécy}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Edward III counting the dead on the battlefield of Crécy.jpg?width=200 "[[Edward III]] counting the dead on the battlefield of Crécy}}")
![bombard]] as used at the Battle of Crécy}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/English gun used at Crecy.jpg?width=200 "bombard]] as used at the Battle of Crécy}}")
![Map of the route of Edward{{nbsp}}III's [[chevauchée]] of 1346}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Map of the route of Edward III's chevauchée of 1346.svg?width=200 "Map of the route of Edward{{nbsp}}III's [[chevauchée]] of 1346}}")
.jpg?width=200 "Battle of Crécy (19th-century engraving)}}")
.svg?width=200 "20px")
.svg?width=200 "20px")
[(,bætləv)'kresɪ]
общая лексика
битва при Креси (1346; крупная победа английских войск короля Эдуарда III [Edward III] над французской армией во время Столетней войны [Hundred Years' War])
по названию французского населённого пункта, в районе кот. происходила битва
![[[Reinhard Scheer]], German fleet commander](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Almirante Reinhard Scheer.jpg?width=200 "[[Reinhard Scheer]], German fleet commander")
![The throat of the [[Skagerrak]], the strategic gateway to the Baltic and North Atlantic, waters off Jutland, Norway and Sweden](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carte Skagerrak-Kattegat2.png?width=200 "The throat of the [[Skagerrak]], the strategic gateway to the Baltic and North Atlantic, waters off Jutland, Norway and Sweden")
 Jutland.jpg?width=200 "6}} under fire")
![6}}, the last surviving warship that saw action at Jutland, is preserved in [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/HMS Caroline 1914.jpg?width=200 "6}}, the last surviving warship that saw action at Jutland, is preserved in [[Belfast]], [[Northern Ireland]]")
![Beatty's]] flagship HMS ''Lion'' burning after being hit by a salvo from SMS ''Lützow''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/HMS Lion (1910).jpg?width=200 "Beatty's]] flagship HMS ''Lion'' burning after being hit by a salvo from SMS ''Lützow''")
![John Jellicoe]], British fleet commander](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/John Jellicoe, Admiral of the Fleet.jpg?width=200 "John Jellicoe]], British fleet commander")
![David Beatty]], commander of the British battlecruiser fleet](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vice Admiral Sir David Beatty.jpg?width=200 "David Beatty]], commander of the British battlecruiser fleet")
![Franz Hipper]], commander of the German battlecruiser squadron](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vizeadmiral Hipper, der Befehlshaber der deutschen Aufklärungsschiffe in der Seeschlacht.png?width=200 "Franz Hipper]], commander of the German battlecruiser squadron")
[(,bætləv)'dʒʌtlənd]
общая лексика
Ютландское сражение (1916; крупнейшее морское сражение 1-й мировой войны между английским и немецким флотами; не дало решительного перевеса ни одной из сторон)
Определение
.
Википедия
The Battle of Culloden (; Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Chùil Lodair) was the final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745. On 16 April 1746, the Jacobite army of Charles Edward Stuart was decisively defeated by a British government force under Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, on Drummossie Moor near Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. It was the last pitched battle fought on British soil.
Charles was the eldest son of James Stuart, the exiled Stuart claimant to the British throne. Believing there was support for a Stuart restoration in both Scotland and England, he landed in Scotland in July 1745: raising an army of Scots Jacobite supporters, he took Edinburgh by September, and defeated a British government force at Prestonpans. The government recalled 12,000 troops from the Continent to deal with the rising: a Jacobite invasion of England reached as far as Derby before turning back, having attracted relatively few English recruits.
The Jacobites, with limited French military support, attempted to consolidate their control of Scotland, where, by early 1746, they were opposed by a substantial government army. A hollow Jacobite victory at Falkirk failed to change the strategic situation: with supplies and pay running short and with the government troops resupplied and reorganised under the Duke of Cumberland, son of British monarch George II, the Jacobite leadership had few options left other than to stand and fight. The two armies eventually met at Culloden, on terrain that gave Cumberland's larger, well-rested force the advantage. The battle lasted only an hour, with the Jacobites suffering a bloody defeat; between 1,500 and 2,000 Jacobites were killed or wounded, while about 300 government soldiers were killed or wounded. While perhaps 5,000 – 6,000 Jacobites remained in arms in Scotland, the leadership took the decision to disperse, effectively ending the rising.
Culloden and its aftermath continue to arouse strong feelings. The University of Glasgow awarded the Duke of Cumberland an honorary doctorate, but many modern commentators allege that the aftermath of the battle and subsequent crackdown on Jacobite sympathisers were brutal, earning Cumberland the sobriquet "Butcher". Efforts were subsequently made to further integrate the Scottish Highlands into the Kingdom of Great Britain; civil penalties were introduced to undermine the Scottish clan system, which had provided the Jacobites with the means to rapidly mobilise an army.
